Cepeda, N. J., Cave, K. R., Bichot, N. P., & Kim, M.-S. (1998). Spatial selection via feature-driven inhibition of distractor locations. Perception and Psychophysics, 60, 727-746. [2082k pdf]

The allocation of spatial attention was measured with detection probes at different locations. Response times were faster for probes at the location of the target digit, which subjects reported, than at the locations of distractor digits, which they ignored. Probes at blank locations between stimuli produced fast responses, indicating that selection was accomplished by inhibiting distractor locations but not other areas. Unlike earlier studies using location cuing with simpler stimuli, these experiments showed no attentional differences across horizontal or vertical midlines. Attention varied little with distance from the target, although blank locations far from the target were somewhat less attended than were those near the target, and attention was only slightly affected by expectations for stimulus location. This task demonstrates a form of feature-driven spatial attention, in which locations with objects lacking target features are inhibited.

2008 (cited by 4)

• Chen, Z. (2008). Distractor eccentricity and its effect on selective attention. Experimental Psychology, 55, 82-92.
• Hickey, C., Di Lollo, V., & McDonald, J. J. (2008). Target and distractor processing in visual search: Decomposition of the N2pc. Visual Cognition, 16, 110-113.
• Flombaum, J. I., Scholl, B. J., & Pylyshyn, Z. W. (2008). Attentional resources in visual tracking through occlusion: The high-beams effect. Cognition, 107, 904-931.
• Muller, N. G., & Ebeling, D. (2008). Attention-modulated activity in visual cortex - More than a simple 'spotlight'. NeuroImage, 40, 818-827.

2007 (cited by 3)

• Böhler, C. N. (2007). The spatiotemporal profile of visual attention. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg.
• Muller, H. J., von Muhlenen, A., & Geyer, T. (2007). Top-down inhibition of search distractors in parallel visual search. Perception and Psychophysics, 69, 1373-1388.
• Ogawa, H., Takeda, Y., & Kumada, T. (2007). Probing attentional modulation of contextual cueing. Visual Cognition, 15, 276-289.

2006 (cited by 9)

• Catena, A., Castillo, A., Fuentes, L. J., & Milliken, B. (2006). Processing of distractors inside and outside the attentional focus in a priming procedure. Visual Cognition, 13, 601-622.
• Chen, Z., & Cave, K. R. (2006). When does visual attention select all features of a distractor? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 1452-1464.
• Fischer, R., & Hagendorf, H. (2006). The control of visual attention and its influence on prioritized processing in a location negative priming paradigm. Psychological Research / Psychologische Forschung, 70, 317-335.
• Humphreys, G. W., Olivers, C. N. L., & Braithwaite, J. J. (2006). The time course of preview search with color-defined, not luminance-defined, stimuli. Perception and Psychophysics, 68, 1351-1358.
• Moreno, A. C., & Marin, A. P. (2006). Redes atencionales y sistema visual selectivo. Universitas Psychologica (Bogota), 5, 305-325.
• Olivers, C. N. L., Humphreys, G. W., & Braithwaite, J. J. (2006). The preview search task: Evidence for visual marking. Visual Cognition, 14, 716-735.
• Olivers, C. N. L., & Watson, D. G. (2006). Input control processes in rapid serial visual presentations: Target selection and distractor inhibition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 1083-1092.
• Pylyshyn, Z. W. (2006). Some puzzling findings in multiple object tracking (MOT): II. Inhibition of moving nontargets. Visual Cognition, 14, 175-198.
• Tsal, Y., & Makovski, T. (2006). The attentional white bear phenomenon: The mandatory allocation of attention to expected distractor locations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 351-363.

2005 (cited by 6)

• Crawford, T. J., Hill, S., & Higham, S. (2005). The inhibitory effect of a recent distractor. Vision Research, 45, 3365-3378.
• Ebeling, D. (2005). Experimentelle Betrachtung visuell raumlicher Aufmerksamkeit jenseits des Spotlight Modells mittels funktioneller Magnetresonanztomographie [Experimental view of visual spatial attention beyond the Spotlight model by means of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Technische Universitat Darmstadt [Technical University of Darmstadt].
• Houghton, G., & Mari-Beffa, P. (2005). Dissociating object- and response-based components of negative priming through effects of practice. Perception and Psychophysics, 67, 1423-1436.
• Muller, N. G., Mollenhauer, M., Rosler, A., & Kleinschmidt, A. (2005). The attentional field has a Mexican hat distribution. Vision Research, 45, 1129-1137.
• Raymond, J. E., Fenske, M. J., & Westoby, N. (2005). Emotional devaluation of distracting patterns and faces: A consequence of attentional inhibition during visual search? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 31, 1404-1415.
• van der Lubbe, R. H. J., & Postma, A. (2005). Interruption from irrelevant auditory and visual onsets even when attention is in a focused state. Experimental Brain Research, 164, 464-471.

2004 (cited by 10)

• Gordon, R. D. (2004). Attentional allocation during the perception of scenes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 30, 760-777.
• Hamker, F. H. (2004). A dynamic model of how feature cues guide spatial attention. Vision Research, 44, 501-521.
• Humphreys, G. W., Stalmann, B. J., & Olivers, C. (2004). An analysis of the time course of attention in preview search. Perception and Psychophysics, 66, 713-730.
• Johnson, A., & Proctor, R. W. (2004). Attention: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• Mounts, J. R. W., & Gavett, B. E. (2004). The role of salience in localized attentional interference. Vision Research, 44, 1575-1588.
• Muller, G., & Kleinschmidt, A. (2004). The attentional 'spotlight's' penumbra: Center-surround modulation in striate cortex. Neuroreport, 15, 977-980.
• Santhi, N., & Reeves, A. (2004). The roles of distractor noise and target certainty in search: A signal detection model. Vision Research, Special issue on visual attention, 44, 1235-1256.
• Scharlau, I. (2004). The spatial distribution of attention in perceptual latency priming. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 57A, 1411-1436.
• Theeeuwes, J., Kramer, A. F., & Kingstone, A. (2004). Attentional capture modulates perceptual sensitivity. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 11, 551-554.
• Treisman, A. (2004). Psychological issues in selective attention. In M. S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences (3rd ed.) (pp. 529-544). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

2003 (cited by 3)

• Bleckley, M. K., Durso, F. T., Crutchfield, J. M., Engle, R. W., & Khanna, M. M. (2003). Individual differences in working memory capacity predict visual attention allocation. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 10, 884-889.
• Rauschenberger, R. (2003). Attentional capture by auto- and allo-cues. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 10, 814-842.
• Slotnick, S. D., Schwarzbach, J., & Yantis, S. (2003). Attentional inhibition of visual processing in human striate and extrastriate cortex. Neuroimage, 19, 1602-1611.

2002 (cited by 6)

• Bichot, N. P., & Schall, J. D. (2002). Priming in macaque fronta cortex during visual popout visual search: Feature-based facilitation and location-based inhibition of return. Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 4675-4685.
• Hopf, J.-M., Boelmans, K., Schoenfeld, A. M., Heinze, H.-J., & Luck, S. J. (2002). How does attention attenuate target-distractor interference in vision? Evidence from magnetoencephalographic recordings. Cognitive Brain Research, 15, 17-29.
• Kumada, T., & Humphreys, G. W. (2002). Cross-dimensional interference and cross-trial inhibiton. Perception and Psychophysics, 64, 493-503.
• Kristjansson, A., & Nakayama, K. (2002). The attentional blink in space and time. Vision Research, 42, 2039-2050.
• Slotnick, S. D., Hopfinger, J. B., Klein, S. A., & Sutter, E. E. (2002). Darkness beyond the light: Attentional inhibition surrounding the classic spotlight. Neuroreport, 13, 773-778.
• Sobel, K. V., & Cave, K. R. (2002). Roles of salience and strategy in conjunction search. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 28, 1055-1070.

2001 (cited by 8)

• Cave, K. R. (2001). Selection can be performed effectively without temporal binding, but could be even more effective with it. Visual Cognition, 8, 467-487.
• Cheal, M., & Chastain, G. (2001). Allocation of visual attention depends on type of precue. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 127, 409-457.
• Chun, M. M., & Wolfe, J. M. (2001). Visual attention. In E. B. Goldstein (Ed.), Blackwell handbook of perception (Handbooks in experimental psychology series) (pp. 272-310). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
• Facoetti, A. (2001). Facilitation and inhibition mechanisms of human visuospatial attention in a non-search task. Neuroscience Letters, 298, 45-48.
• Kim, M.-S., & Cave, K. R. (2001). Perceptual grouping via spatial selection in a focused-attention task. Vision Research, 41, 611-624.
• Koshino, H. (2001). Activation and inhibition of stimulus features in conjunction search. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 8, 294-300.
• Lamy, D., & Tsal, Y. (2001). On the status of location in visual attention. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 13, 305-342.
• Theeuwes, J., Kramer, A. F., & Atchley, P. (2001). Spatial attention in early vision. Acta Psychologica, 108, 1-20.

2000 (cited by 9)

• Chen, Z. (2000). An object-based cost of visual filtering. Perception and Psychophysics, 62, 482-495.
• Davidson, H., Cave, K. R., & Sellner, D. (2000). Differences in visual attention and task interference between males and females reflect differences in brain laterality. Neuropsychologia, 38, 508-519.
• Facoetti, A., & Molteni, M. (2000). Is attentional focusing an inhibitor process at the distractor location? Cognitive Brain Research, 10, 185-188.
• LaBerge, D. (2000). Clarifying the triangular circuit theory of attention and its relations to awareness: Replies to seven commentaries. Psyche: An Interdisciplinary Journal on Research on Consciousness, 6, np. http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v6/psyche-6-06-laberge.html
• LaBerge, D., Auclair, L., & Sieroff, E. (2000). Preparatory attention: Experiment and theory. Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal, 9, 396-434.
• Mounts, J. R. W. (2000). Evidence for suppressive mechanisms in attentional selection: Feature singletons produce inhibitory surrounds. Perception and Psychophysics, 62, 969-983.
• Watson, D. G., & Humphreys, G. W. (2000). Visual marking: Evidence for inhibiton using a dot-probe detection paradigm. Perception and Psychophysics, 62, 471-481.
• Worden, M. S., Foxe, J. J., Wang, N., & Simpson, G. V. (2000). Anticipating biasing of visuospatial attention indexed by retinotopically specific-band electroencephalography increases over occipital cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 20, RC63.
• Yantis, S. (2000). Goal-directed and stimulus-driven determinants of attentional control. In S. Monsell & J. Driver (Eds.), Attention and performance (Vol. 18) (pp. 73-103). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

1999 (cited by 7)

• Bichot, N. P., Cave, K. R., & Pashler, H. (1999). Visual selection mediated by location: Feature-based selection of noncontiguous locations. Perception and Psychophysics, 61, 403-423.
• Bichot, N. P., & Schall, J. D. (1999). Saccade target selection in macaque during feature and conjunction visual search. Visual Neuroscience, 16, 81-89.
• Cave, K. R. (1999). The FeatureGate model for visual selection. Psychological Research-Psychologische Forschung, 62, 182-194.
• Cave, K. R., & Bichot, N. P. (1999). Visuospatial attention: Beyond a spotlight model. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 6, 204-223.
• Kim, M.-S., & Cave, K. R. (1999). Grouping effects on spatial attention in visual search. Journal of General Psychology, 126, 326-352.
• Kim, M.-S., & Cave, K. R. (1999). Top-down and bottom-up attentional control: On the nature of interference from a salient distractor. Perception and Psychophysics, 61, 1009-1023.
• Schall, J. D., & Thompson, K. G. (1999). Neural selection and control of visually guided eye movements. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 22, 241-259.

1998 (cited by 2)

• Cave, K. R. (1998). Facilitation, inhibition, and the advantage of two connections. Psyche, 4, np. http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v4/psyche-4-17-cave.html
• Schall, J. D., & Bichot, N. P. (1998). Neural correlates of visual and motor decision processes. Current Opinions in Neurobiology, 8, 211-217.

1997 (cited by 3)

• Cave, K. R., & Zimmerman, J. M. (1997). Flexibility in spatial attention before and after practice. Psychological Science, 8, 399-403.
• Chastain, G., & Cheal, M. (1997). Facilitatory or inhibitory nontarget effects in the location-cuing paradigm. Consciousness and Cognition, 6, 328-347.
• Cheal, M. (1997). Understanding diverse effects of visual attention with the VAP-filters metaphor. Consciousness and Cognition, 6, 348-362.